The excerpt below is from the OSHA Best Practice guide on First Aid.  This publication is free to anyone wanting to improve on the first aid standard from OSHA. 

First aid is emergency care provided for injury or sudden illness
before emergency medical treatment is available. The first-aid
provider in the workplace is someone who is trained in the delivery
of initial medical emergency procedures, using a limited amount of
equipment to perform a primary assessment and intervention
while awaiting arrival of emergency medical service (EMS)
personnel.
A workplace first-aid program is part of a comprehensive safety
and health management system that includes the following four
essential elements1:

• Management Leadership and Employee Involvement
• Worksite Analysis
• Hazard Prevention and Control
• Safety and Health Training
  

The purpose of this guide is to present a summary of the basic
elements for a first-aid program at the workplace. Those elements
include:

• Identifying and assessing the workplace risks that have potential
  to cause worker injury or illness.
• Designing and implementing a workplace first-aid program that:
  • Aims to minimize the outcome of accidents or exposures
  • Complies with OSHA requirements relating to first aid
  • Includes sufficient quantities of appropriate and readily
  accessible first-aid supplies and first-aid equipment, such as
  bandages and automated external defibrillators.

Assigns and trains first-aid providers who:

• receive first-aid training suitable to the specific workplace
• receive periodic refresher courses on first-aid skills and
  knowledge.
• Instructing all workers about the first-aid program, including
  what workers should do if a coworker is injured or ill. Putting
  the policies and program in writing is recommended to
  implement this and other program elements.
• Providing for scheduled evaluation and changing of the first-aid
  program to keep the program current and applicable to emerging
  risks in the workplace, including regular assessment of the
  adequacy of the first-aid training course.
  

This guide also includes an outline of the essential elements of
safe and effective first-aid training for the workplace as guidance to
institutions teaching first-aid courses and to the consumers of
these courses.

So why is Best Practices important?  Chubb estimates workers compensation now accounts for 50 percent of medical care costs. Chubbs The Rewards of Managing Risk; A Guide for Entrepreneurs and Managers helps managers and safety professionals develop a best practice model to build a safety culture based on the “Best Practice” model.  OSHA standards are generally at a minimum standard because they cover a broad base of workplaces from very small companies/organizations to very large businesses.  Everyone has to be able to meet the standards. 

Building a safety culture based on ”Best Practices” means going above and beyond the standards.  Developing practices that create an injury free workplace and having everyone involved from the top down. 

What Best Practices does your company uses?  Let us know and we will pass them along for everyone to see.

Slips, Trips and Falls happen everywhere.  These hazards have much more potential to cause harm in a healthcare setting, where patients are not well and people are in a hurry.  Haste is the number 1 cause of Slips, Trips and Falls.  Here are some helpfuls hints to think of.

Potential Hazard
Employee exposure to wet floors or spills and clutter that can lead to slips/trips/falls and other possible injuries.  
Possible Solutions:

• Keep floors clean and dry [29 CFR 1910.22(a)(2)]. In addition to being a slip hazard, continually wet surfaces promote the growth of mold, fungi, and bacteria, that can cause infections.
• Provide warning signs for wet floor areas [29 CFR 1910.145(c)(2)].
• Where wet processes are used, maintain drainage and provide false floors, platforms, mats, or other dry standing places where practicable, or provide appropriate waterproof footgear [29 CFR 1910.141(a)(3)(ii)].
• Walking/Working Surfaces Standard requires [29 CFR 1910.22(a)(1)]: Keep all places of employment clean and orderly and in a sanitary condition.
• Keep aisles and passageways clear and in good repair, with no obstruction across or in aisles that could create a hazard [29 CFR 1910.22(b)(1)]. Provide floor plugs for equipment, so power cords need not run across pathways.
• Keep exits free from obstruction. Access to exits must remain clear of obstructions at all times [29 CFR 1910.36(b)(4)].

Other Recommended Good Work Practices:

• Ensure spills are reported and cleaned up immediately.
  Use no-skid waxes and surfaces coated with grit to create non-slip surfaces in slippery areas such as toilet and shower areas.
• Use waterproof footgear to decrease slip/fall hazards.
• Use only properly maintained ladders to reach items. Do not use stools, chairs, or boxes as substitutes for ladders.
• Re-lay or stretch carpets that bulge or have become bunched to prevent tripping hazards.
• Aisles and passageways should be sufficiently wide for easy movement and should be kept clear at all times. Temporary electrical cords that cross aisles should be taped or anchored to the floor.
• Eliminate cluttered or obstructed work areas.
• Nurses station countertops or medication carts should be free of sharp, square corners.
• Use prudent housekeeping procedures such as cleaning only one side of a passageway at a time, and provide good lighting for all halls and stairwells, to help reduce accidents.
• Provide adequate lighting especially during night hours. You can use flashlights or low-level lighting when entering patient rooms.
• Instruct workers to use the handrail on stairs, to avoid undue speed, and to maintain an unobstructed view of the stairs ahead of them even if that means requesting help to manage a bulky load.
• Eliminate uneven floor surfaces.
• Promote safe work in cramped working spaces. Avoid awkward positions, and use equipment that makes lifts less awkward. 
   

The workplace should be one place an employee can expect to feel safe. Maintaining a safe workplace should, therefore, be a primary goal of any business owner. The easiest way for an employer to prevent injuries in the workplace (and the associated costs that inevitably come with them) is to ensure that every eventuality is considered, and appropriate safety measure are put in place. The twelve Workplace Safety tips below are a good start.

Workplace Safety Tips:

1. Encourage your employees to maintain a clean and tidy workspace. This will have the dual effect of improving safety AND productivity by removing any potential hazards or distractions from your working area.

2. When working with heavy machinery, use specially constructed guards and engineering solutions combined with PPE (personal protective equipment) to protect your employees from injury.

3. Recognise employees that conform to the safety standards that are set, and ensure appropriate discipline is handed out to employees that flout these rules.

4. Give clear work instructions. Make sure your employees know the right way to do what is expected of them. Include safety instructions in every procedure you write.

5. While you should consider every aspect of your workplace safety, you should focus on the most common problems for your particular workplace first and foremost. You should keep a log of any workplace accident, which will allow you to identify and solve the most pressing issues.

6. Try to care for your employees more than your profits. If a machine is unsafe shut it down. If an expensive repair job is required, or a project delayed because of this, then so bet it. Better that than and injured employee.

7. Spend time getting to know the details of the work your employees do. Even if you once did that job, it is likely it is done differently by different people. By knowing the details of your employees daily work routine, you can help to ensure it is done safely.

8. Do not wait for your machinery or work tools to become defective before repairing them. Many times employees get into dangerous situations by having to compensate for a machine defect or wear. In the case of wear, it may have occurred so gradually that they think it is normal. Regular maintenance of your equipment will ensure optimum safety and productivity.

9. Ensure unavoidable hazards (such as wet floors or hot surfaces) are clearly labelled.

10. Ensure your workplace is well lit, allowing your workers to see what they are doing and reducing eye strain, which can be damaging over time.

11. Ensure your workplace is well ventilated, ensuring a fresh supply of oxyggen and removing any contaminents from the air.

12. Ensure optimum visability in your workplace. If possible, keep areas open and opsticles at eye level and above to a minimum. In some cases, however, reduced visability will be unavoidable. This can be improved with the use of observation equipment, such as cameras or convex mirrors, which can provide wide angle views on blind turns caused by tall obsticles. These safety mirrors are also useful as security mirrors, reducing shoplifting by providing better overall visibility on the shop floor.

Strains and sprains from manual materials handling are significant causes of workplace injury. Although lifting, placing, carrying, holding, and lowering are involved in manual materials handling (the principal cause of compensable work injuries), Bureau of Labor Statistics data shows that four out of five of these injuries were to the lower back, and that three out of four occurred while the employee was lifting an object.

Management and workers should both be involved with analyzing and assessing manual materials handling job tasks for risk of injury. When a manual materials handling task has been assessed as a risk, the first control option should be redesign (i.e., redesigning the task so that the risk is completely eliminated). If this is not possible, the risk should be reduced through the use of mechanical aids and training.

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What do these numbers have in common?   41,059…..2.49 million…..230.6 billion?

Ok, your best guess. 

As a DDC-4 instructor I talk about these number in my classes.  The 41,059 are the number of fatalities in the US in 2007 from motor vehicle collisions (about 10 times the number of deaths in the whole Iraq war).  You might guess the next number.  The number of injured from motor vehicle collisions in 2007.  The third number represents the amount of insurance money paid out in 2007.  Finally, a statistic that is hard to print.  Speed is the #1 killer of people ages 1-33 is motor vehicle accidents and the #4 of people over 33.

Do these numbers open your eyes?  They do mine.  We are out there hurting and killing ourselves and others.  Yet this article will probably not change the driving habits of many or any people.  Here are a couple of other questions you might not know the answers to.

1. What is the number 1 cause of traffic collisions?
2. What is the number 1 cause of drive distraction?

Think you got it right?  You might have the first question correct, but I am guessing not the second. 

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I recently attended the 20th Chicagoland Safety and Health Conference.  During the day I asked as many safety professionals as possible what was the #1 incident on their OSHA 300 log.  To a person the response was Slips, Trips and Falls (STF).  Because this is one of the most common incidents I thought it would be good to revisit an old article published on this site about 2 years ago.  I hope you find this interesting and useful.

Employees don’t just slip and fall because they are careless. Hidden risks exist at all work sites.  Slips and falls are complex events. If you focus on just one part of the problem, such as a cracked tile or slippery floor, the risk will still exist. Instead, attack the whole problem with a systems approach that analyzes your organization and pinpoints areas needing attention.
Taking Control
Same-level slips and falls are the second-leading cause of disabling workplace injuries. They cost private industry more than $5 billion in direct costs alone each year. The indirect costs for hiring and training replacement workers, increased absenteeism, and decreased productivity are estimated to be three to five times higher. But slips and falls are not unavoidable “acts of God” due to employee carelessness or bad luck. You can control them. Here’s how.Same-level slips and falls are the second-leading cause of disabling workplace injuries. They cost private industry more than $5 billion in direct costs alone each year. The indirect costs for hiring and training replacement workers, increased absenteeism, and decreased productivity are estimated to be three to five times higher. But slips and falls are not unavoidable “acts of God” due to employee carelessness or bad luck. You can control them. Here’s how.First, secure management buy-in. Employees don’t just slip and fall because they are careless. Hidden risks exist at all work sites. You can demonstrate to managers the cost and the cause of slip-related injuries with photos of potential hazards, qualified worker observations, and slipperiness measurements from work sites. Managers often don’t realize that a leading portion of their loss comes from preventable slips and falls; by illustrating the negative impact on the bottom line and the potential positive outcome from a system approach, you will get management buy-in.

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We most often think of employee safety with regards to manufacturing, construction or other miscellaneous industries with related safety incidents.  But how often do we consider the professional athlete as an employee or the fan in a safety situation? 

Dave from TechLife recently sent me an article by Scott Miller of CBS Sports about the number of breaking wood bats in baseball.  This number is increasing each year, and it is becoming a safety issue for the players (employees) and the fans.  Sports are becoming much more harmful to the employee.  About a year ago a minor league coach (an employee) was hit in the head by a foul ball and died.  The NAICS for sports is 71100 and the recordable rate is 5.8 that is comparable to construction and manufacturing.  We know there is an alarming increase in the number of injuries is sports such as football and hockey, but should athletics and OSHA be concerned about the incident rate in the industry as a whole?

Fans are also “in harms way” when a hard line drive or a bat flies into the stands or a herd of 30,000 people all want to leave a game at one time.  Someone(s) often gets injured.  These injuries will not appear on an OSHA 300 log even though the injury occurred on-site, because the fan is not considered an employee.  What happens when a vistor to your company gets injured, do you record it if it qualifies and a recordable?

Sports today are a dangerous profession.  The employees receive much more medical attention than employees in other professions.  Most athletic teams provide a medical staff both on and off site.  How many of you have a doctor, nurse or trainer on-site?

So when you think of employee safety and health don’t forget to consider the professional and non-professional athletic as an employee too.

Am I passionate about training, YOU BET!  I recently read an article about developing and using on-line training for OSHA & HIPPA compliance.  It seems like more and more companies are looking at on-line training for their employees. On-line training is available for OSHA, DOT, HIPPA and more.  Push a few buttons and you are trained.  While it is economical and less time consuming, there are some drawbacks.

As a trainer:

• I can look at a trainee and see in their eyes if they are understanding the material.   
• I can evaluate if a student learns by seeing, hearing or doing and then work with that student using their best learning style. 
• I can adjust the material if I see it is not relevant to YOUR students. 
• I can have a student verbalize back to me how much they understand about the subject to detemine if they need more information.

Please tell me how the computer can make these deteminations except by continually quizing the student. 

Good safety trainers are good for business and payback their expense.  They help increase productivity and help keep worker’s compensation lower.  Both result in more profits going to the bottom line.  I have used this example before, but a average incident (according to OSHA) cost an employer about $25,000.  At 3% profit margin the company has to make an additional $833,000 to break even, and that’s if you have only 1 incident.

I am assistant scuba instructor and now there are some certifing agencies that have on-line classes for courses content.  Not the buddy I would want to be with at 80 feet under water, and to have to depend on saving my life if something went wrong.  How about the on-line First Aid/CPR class, want that person to work on you? 

On-line training for the refresher great, for the initial training, think about it and what it may really cost you.

OSHA recently fined a roofing company over $200,000 when an employee was killed when he fell 16 feet through a skylight. OSHA issued eight willful citations to the company for its failure to provide fall protection in hoisting areas and on low-sloped roofs; failing to cover skylight openings to prevent falls; and not training employees about fall hazards. Seven of the citations allege per-instance willful violations of three OSHA requirements. A willful violation is defined as one committed with an intentional disregard of, or plain indifference to, the requirements of the Occupational Safety and Health Act and regulations.

Falls are the #1 cause of worker’s death in the construction industry.  The Compliance Resource Center reported on (ANSI)/ASSE Z359.2 fall protection in May of 2007.  Fall protection must be provided at four feet in general industry, five feet in maritime and six feet in construction. Here are some Fall Protection Tips from OSHA:

Fall Protection Tips
• Identify all potential tripping and fall hazards before work starts.
• Look for fall hazards such as unprotected floor openings/edges, shafts, skylights, stairwells, and roof openings/edges.
• Inspect fall protection equipment for defects before use.
• Select, wear, and use fall protection equipment appropriate for the task.
• Secure and stabilize all ladders before climbing them.
• Never stand on the top rung/step of a ladder.
• Use handrails when you go up or down stairs.
• Practice good housekeeping.  Keep cords, welding leads and air hoses out of walkways or adjacent work areas.

Safety Online recently reported that NIOSH, OSHA and NHCA (National Hearing Conservation Assoication), recently signed and agreement  to help prevent work-related hearing loss.  The partners agreement is to provide resources, speakers, recommend best practices and more.

Currently NISOH has a Hearing Conservation Program Evaluation Checklist available.  Over a year ago I reported  on this site, that International Safety Equipment Association petitioned OSHA about reducing the level of noise exposure in the work place.  Now there will be a greater effort to protect workers hearing and make more resources available to employers.